An Examination of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Rural Dwellers in Taraba State
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Background of the Study
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a major global health concern due to its association with cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and kidney failure (World Health Organization [WHO], 2024). It is often referred to as the "silent killer" because it frequently goes undiagnosed until complications arise. In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of hypertension is increasing due to rapid urbanization, lifestyle changes, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure (Adeyemi & Okonkwo, 2023).
In Nigeria, hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with rural populations particularly vulnerable due to limited access to healthcare and low awareness levels (Nigeria Centre for Disease Control [NCDC], 2024). Taraba State, which has a predominantly rural population, faces unique health challenges such as poverty, lack of healthcare facilities, and cultural beliefs that influence health-seeking behaviors (Bello & Ibrahim, 2023). Studies suggest that the prevalence of hypertension in rural areas is often underestimated due to inadequate screening and poor health education (Ogunleye et al., 2024).
Risk factors for hypertension in rural communities include genetic predisposition, dietary habits, high salt intake, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and chronic stress (Eze & Mohammed, 2024). However, there is limited research specifically addressing the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among rural dwellers in Taraba State. This study seeks to bridge this gap by examining the prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension in this region, with the aim of informing better public health interventions.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the growing burden of hypertension in Nigeria, rural populations remain underserved in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. In Taraba State, healthcare access is limited, and many residents are unaware of their hypertensive status (Olawale et al., 2024). The absence of regular medical check-ups, coupled with traditional beliefs that attribute high blood pressure to spiritual causes, prevents early diagnosis and treatment (Ibrahim & Usman, 2023).
Additionally, lifestyle factors such as excessive salt intake, lack of physical activity, and tobacco use are prevalent among rural dwellers, further increasing the risk of hypertension. However, existing studies focus mainly on urban populations, leaving a gap in understanding the rural context (Adebayo et al., 2023). This study aims to address this gap by assessing the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among rural dwellers in Taraba State, contributing to improved hypertension management strategies.
Objectives of the Study
1. To determine the prevalence of hypertension among rural dwellers in Taraba State.
2. To identify the risk factors associated with hypertension in the study population.
3. To assess the level of awareness and healthcare-seeking behavior regarding hypertension among rural residents.
Research Questions
1. What is the prevalence of hypertension among rural dwellers in Taraba State?
2. What are the major risk factors contributing to hypertension in the study population?
3. What is the level of awareness and healthcare-seeking behavior regarding hypertension?
Research Hypotheses
1. Hypertension is highly prevalent among rural dwellers in Taraba State.
2. Lifestyle and dietary factors significantly contribute to hypertension in the study area.
3. Low awareness and healthcare access negatively impact hypertension diagnosis and management.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on rural communities in Taraba State, assessing hypertension prevalence and associated risk factors. Limitations may include challenges in accessing remote areas, self-reported biases in dietary and lifestyle habits, and limited availability of medical records.
Definitions of Terms
• Hypertension – A medical condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure levels.
• Prevalence – The proportion of a population affected by a particular disease at a specific time.
• Risk Factors – Conditions or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing a disease.
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